Sodium chloride - Wikipedia. This article is about the chemical common salt. For the medical solution, see Saline (medicine). For the mineral, see Halite. Sodium chloride. Names. IUPAC name. Sodium chloride. Other names. Common salt. Halite. Rock salt. Saline. Sodium chloride. Table salt. Regular salt. Sea salt. Identifiers. Ch. EBIChem. Spider. ECHA Info. Card. 10. EC Number. 23. 1- 5. KEGGMe. SHSodium+chloride. RTECS number. VZ4. UNIIIn. Ch. I=1. S/Cl. H. Na/h. 1H; /q; +1/p- 1 YKey: FAPWRFPIFSIZLT- UHFFFAOYSA- M YIn. Ch. I=1/Cl. H. Na/h. Ijlasprap una aeiariel~n do~pe I& o 6 rain. Breaking K-pop news, videos, photos and celebrity gossip This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.5 License. This means you're free to copy and share these comics (but not to sell them). H; /q; +1/p- 1. Key: FAPWRFPIFSIZLT- REWHXWOFAEProperties. Na. Cl. Molar mass. Octahedral (Na+)Octahedral (Cl. With molar masses of 2. Sodium chloride is the salt most responsible for the salinity of seawater and of the extracellular fluid of many multicellular organisms. In the form of edible or table salt it is commonly used as a condiment and food preservative. Large quantities of sodium chloride are used in many industrial processes, and it is a major source of sodium and chlorine compounds used as feedstocks for further chemical syntheses. Salt in its natural form as a crystalline mineral is known as rock salt or halite. Salt is present in vast quantities in seawater, where it is the main mineral constituent. The open ocean has about 3. Salt is essential for life in general, and saltiness is one of the basic human tastes. The tissues of animals contain larger quantities of salt than do plant tissues. Salt is one of the oldest and most ubiquitous food seasonings, and salting is an important method of food preservation. Some of the earliest evidence of salt processing dates to around 8,0. Romania were boiling spring water to extract the salts; a salt- works in China dates to approximately the same period. Salt was also prized by the ancient Hebrews, the Greeks, the Romans, the Byzantines, the Hittites, Egyptians, and the Indians. Salt became an important article of trade and was transported by boat across the Mediterranean Sea, along specially built salt roads, and across the Sahara in camel caravans. The scarcity and universal need for salt has led nations to go to war over it and use it to raise tax revenues. Salt is used in religious ceremonies and has other cultural significance. Salt is processed from salt mines, or by the evaporation of seawater (sea salt) or mineral- rich spring water in shallow pools. Its major industrial products are caustic soda and chlorine, and is used in many industrial processes including the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride, plastics, paper pulp and many other products. Edible salt is sold in forms such as sea salt and table salt which usually contains an anti- caking agent and may be iodised to prevent iodine deficiency. As well as its use in cooking and at the table, salt is present in many processed foods. Sodium is an essential nutrient for human health via its role as an electrolyte and osmotic solute. Such health effects of salt have long been studied. Accordingly, numerous world health associations and experts in developed countries recommend reducing consumption of popular salty foods. A very ancient salt- works operation has been discovered at the Poiana Slatinei archaeological site next to a salt spring in Lunca, Neam. Evidence indicates that Neolithic people of the Precucuteni Culture were boiling the salt- laden spring water through the process of briquetage to extract the salt as far back as 6. BC. The salt extracted from this operation may have had a direct correlation to the rapid growth of this society's population soon after its initial production began. It was of high value to the ancient Hebrews, the Greeks, the Romans, the Byzantines, the Hittites and other peoples of antiquity. In the Middle East, salt was used to ceremonially seal an agreement, and the ancient Hebrews made a . The Bible tells the story of King Abimelech who was ordered by God to do this at Shechem. III Diretriz sobre tratamento do infarto agudo do miocárdio. Editor Leopoldo S. Editores Associados Ari Timerman José Carlos Nicolau.In the early years of the Roman Empire, roads such as the Via Salaria were built for the transportation of salt from the salt pans of Ostia to the capital. From about 2. 80. BC, the Egyptians began exporting salt fish to the Phoenicians in return for Lebanon cedar, glass and the dye Tyrian purple; the Phoenicians traded Egyptian salt fish and salt from North Africa throughout their Mediterranean trade empire. In Africa, salt was used as currency south of the Sahara, and slabs of rock salt were used as coins in Abyssinia. The Tuareg have traditionally maintained routes across the Sahara especially for the transportation of salt by Azalai (salt caravans). The caravans still cross the desert from southern Niger to Bilma, although much of the trade now takes place by truck. Each camel takes two bales of fodder and two of trade goods northwards and returns laden with salt pillars and dates.
This was gradually displaced by the salt the white men brought in sacks, so that the coast natives lost their previous profits; as of the author's writing in 1. Salzach literally means . Around 4. 00 BC, the townsfolk, who had previously used pickaxes and shovels, began open pan salt making. During the first millennium BC, Celtic communities grew rich trading salt and salted meat to Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome in exchange for wine and other luxuries. The word salary comes from the Latin word for salt. The reason for this is unknown; a persistent modern claim that the Roman Legions were sometimes paid in salt is baseless. Venice fought and won a war with Genoa over the product, and it played an important part in the American Revolution. Cities on overland trade routes grew rich by levying duties. The voyages of Christopher Columbus are said to have been financed from salt production in southern Spain, and the oppressive salt tax in France was one of the causes of the French Revolution. After being repealed, this tax was reimposed by Napoleon when he became emperor to pay for his foreign wars, and was not finally abolished until 1. This civil disobedience inspired millions of common people, and elevated the Indian independence movement from an elitist movement to a national struggle. Religion. At the time of Brahmanic sacrifices, in Hittite rituals and during festivals held by Semites and Greeks at the time of the new moon, salt was thrown into a fire where it produced crackling noises. When the judge Abimelech destroyed the city of Shechem, he is said to have . The Book of Job contains the first mention of salt as a condiment. In the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus referred to his followers as the . The apostle Paul also encouraged Christians to . Salt may be added to the water . It is customary to spread some salt over the bread or to dip the bread in a little salt when passing the bread around the table after the Kiddush. It is also believed to cleanse an area of harmful or negative energies. A dish of salt and a dish of water are almost always present on an altar, and salt is used in a wide variety of rituals and ceremonies. Salt is also an ingredient in many manufactured foodstuffs. Table salt is a refined salt containing about 9. Iodized salt, containing potassium iodide, is widely available. Some people put a desiccant, such as a few grains of uncooked rice. The identities and amounts of additives vary widely from country to country. Iodine is an important micronutrient for humans, and a deficiency of the element can cause lowered production of thyroxine (hypothyroidism) and enlargement of the thyroid gland (endemic goitre) in adults or cretinism in children. Iodized salt has been used to correct these conditions since 1. A small amount of dextrose may also be added to stabilize the iodine. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends . US iodized salt contains 4. UK the iodine content of iodized salt is recommended to be 1. The additive is considered safe for human consumption. Both the European Union and the United States Food and Drug Administration permitted the use of aluminium in the latter two compounds. The latter alleviates iron deficiency anaemia, which interferes with the mental development of an estimated 4. A typical iron source is ferrous fumarate. Another additive, especially important for pregnant women, is folic acid (vitamin B9), which gives the table salt a yellow color. Folic acid helps prevent neural tube defects and anaemia, which affect young mothers, especially in developing countries. A lack of fluorine in the diet is the cause of a greatly increased incidence of dental caries. Fluoride salts can be added to table salt with the goal of reducing tooth decay, especially in countries that have not benefited from fluoridated toothpastes and fluoridated water. The practice is more common in some European countries where water fluoridation is not carried out. In France, 3. 5% of the table salt sold contains added sodium fluoride. Other kinds. The calcium and magnesium salts confer a faintly bitter overtone, and they make unrefined sea salt hygroscopic (i. Algal products contribute a mildly . Sediments, the proportion of which varies with the source, give the salt a dull grey appearance. Since taste and aroma compounds are often detectable by humans in minute concentrations, sea salt may have a more complex flavor than pure sodium chloride when sprinkled on top of food. When salt is added during cooking however, these flavors would likely be overwhelmed by those of the food ingredients. The refined salt industry cites scientific studies saying that raw sea and rock salts do not contain enough iodine salts to prevent iodine deficiency diseases. Fleur de sel, a natural sea salt from the surface of evaporating brine in salt pans, has a unique flavour varying with the region from which it is produced. In traditional Korean cuisine, so- called . This product absorbs minerals from the bamboo and the mud, and has been claimed to increase the anticlastogenic and antimutagenic properties of doenjang (a fermented bean paste). Kosher salt, though refined, contains no iodine and has a much larger grain size than most refined salts. Diario de la marina.
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Top 5 Natural Homeopathic Remedies for Weight Loss. Antagolin - Optimal Blood Sugar & Insulin Regulation( Click here for Anta. Golin. When taken at a supplementary dosage over the long term, Anta. Golin. When taken at a higher dosage (see dosage instructions), studies have shown that Anta. Golin. Because of its blood sugar regulation ability, Anta. Golin. Key to this development is a condition called insulin resistance. Fluoxetine(Prozac) generic is an antidepressant, prescribed for depression and anxiety. It is also used for obesity and eating disorders. Major depression. Sertraline and fluoxetine have comparable antidepressant efficacy in the treatment of Major depression. However, sertraline has advantages over. Doctors also prescribe this medication for bulimia nervosa. Prozac (Fluoxetine) is used for treating depression. 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Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Explore our menu. Starbucks. com. Accessed Dec. Duyff RL. In: American Dietetic Association Complete Food and Nutrition Guide. Hoboken, N. J.: John Wiley & Sons; 2. See more Expert Answers. Want to Lose Weight Fast? Cut Out Soda from Your Diet / Fitness / Weight Loss. One of the major causes of obesity is soda. If you want to lose weight, giving up your soda consumption is probably one of the best beginning moves. Within weeks you will see a difference. The Great Addiction. Soda consumption accounts for more than a quarter of all drinks consumed within the United States.
Starting at toddler age, children are drinking soda and adding more sugar to their bodies than cookies, candy and ice cream combined. Along with the high sugar content, caffeine is another main ingredient in many brands. These two chemicals are the perfect storm for a lifelong addiction to carbonated drinks. As children grow, so does the availability of soda. The first step to losing weight is to sober up and stop drinking alcohol so you can avoid consuming too many liquid calories and added sugars in your diet. Weight loss issues related to specific diseases include: As chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) advances, about 35% of patients experience severe weight loss. Schools and other organizations make them readily available. Not to mention the pervasive, skewed advertising campaigns bombarding children and adults alike. Soda Makes You Fat (Even Diet Soda)High in calories, soda has no nutritional value whatsoever. 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But if cutting out soda altogether is too difficult, you could replace one soda per day with water. Cutting down from two per day to one can yields about a 1. Carbonation. People often reach for soda or seltzer to alleviate an upset stomach. This can work, although only temporarily. Carbonation is theorized to actually bind to fat cells. This causes a slowing down of fat loss, thus making it much more difficult to lose weight. Furthermore, when you ingest a carbonated drink you are essentially ingesting air. It may taste tingly, but by ingesting air you bloat the gastrointestinal tract. This causes a slow down of digestion, which is another important factor in weight loss. Alternatives. Water is the No. What Is Cutting? Emma's mom first noticed the cuts when Emma was doing the dishes one night. Emma told her mom that their cat had scratched her. Alcohol can be a "hidden" source of calories. Here's a look at how many calories are in different alcohol drinks. 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Welcome to DeKuyper. Royal distillers since 1695, DeKuyper creates liqueurs, schnapps and shots that are bold, fun and delicious. Spanning a broad range of end-to-end fiber and wireless solutions for communications networks, Corning forms the backbone that connects businesses, homes, and people. Ericsson Passive Fiber Infrastructure Cabling Solutions. ERICSSON PASSIVE FIBER INFRASTRUCTURE SOLUTIONSAll pictures . Regardless of chosen network technology, either. PON) with a partially shared fiber. P2. P) with dedicated fibers. Depending on the operator. The system scalability. Versatility. It. is impossible to know what technological changes will happen in the. Therefore, most network components are designed for any possible. PON (P2. MP) and P2. Optical Fiber Fiber Optics is the communications medium that works by sending optical signals down hair-thin strands of extremely pure glass or plastic fiber. Ericsson technologies for the passive part of the Access Network consist of two air-blown fiber systems and networks with traditional fiber optic Drop cables. P. They will also support a full transformation from. PON to P2. P (or vice versa) without the need for additional civil works. Total. Ro. HS compliance and halogen- free materials are features of the entire. Packing materials are minimized or fully recyclable. Products and Services. Feeder and Distribution Networks. The Feeder and Distribution Network is the backbone of any fiber access network. Fiber optic cable, 24 fibers,water blocking tape, PE outer sheath, G652D, FRP strength member, 1km, pure wooden drum package.Micronet Air Blown Micro Cable System. Fiber Distribution Hubs FDHFlame- retardant Fiber Optic Cables. Drop and Premises Networks. The Drop and Premises Network offering features the Ericsson Ribbonet. Fiber Access Terminals FATRibbonet Air Blown Fiber System. Drop Cables. Fiber Termination and O/E Conversion. 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Fiber Distribution Hubs FDHEricsson Fiber Distribution Hub (FDH) is the fiber connection point that. It features foldable. There are several possibilities for fiber optic splitters and/or. Fiber Distribution Hubs, FDH (for splitters)FDH2. NBD1. 16. 20. 0 An outdoor Fiber Distribution Hub for up to 2. It can however be used in a P2. P system with. slightly higher than half capacity (both sides spliced), or as a. FTTH and business users). This. FDH is specified as a street cabinet but can also be mounted indoors. Multi Dwelling Unit. It. is intended as a PON cabinet with space to host splitter modules for. It can however be used in a P2. P system with about. FTTH with business users). This FDH is designed as a. Multi Dwelling Unit or in raisers. Handles PON or P2. P, or a combination of both. Handles both air blown fiber / duct systems and traditional cables. Mid- span . It can however be used in a P2. P system with. slightly higher than half capacity (both sides spliced), or as a. 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Each tube contains up to 1. Dry water blocking makes the cable. Design: Concentric SZ core Type: Dielectric, halogen- free, flame- retardant Capacity: 1. GASQBDUV, TOL 4. 05 1. Data sheet. Ribbon. Each of the six slots contains 1- 4. The cable is dielectric, and very. Dry water blocking makes. Design: Slotted core ribbon Type: Dielectric, halogen- free, flame- retardant Diameter: . Each of the six slots contains 1- 2. The cable is dielectric, slim and. Dry water blocking makes the cable. Design: Slotted core ribbon Type: Dielectric, halogen- free, flame- retardant. Diameter: . Each of the six slots contains 1- 4. The cable is dielectric, and very. Dry water blocking makes. Design: Slotted core ribbon. Type: Dielectric, halogen- free, flame- retardant. Diameter: . The versatility of the cable and the inherent. Design: Slotted core ribbon Type: Dielectric, halogen- free, flame- retardant Capacity: 2. DROP AND PREMISES NETWORKSAll pictures . The system is recommended for medium to long- distance drop networks between the Fiber Access Terminal (FAT) and the Fiber Termination Boxes (FTB) or various types of Customer Premises Equipment (CPE). Ericsson Ribbonet. The. air- blown concept reduces the civil work and installation costs. The installation methods also allows for less stress on. For special cases with e. Products for direct splicing of distribution and drop cables. Fiber Access Terminals. FAT Fiber Jointing Cabinet, NCD 5. Small. sized cabinet intended for indoor fiber splicing and termination of up. The supplied fiber. FAT /ODF Fiber Jointing Cabinet, wall mounted, NCD 5. Two- sided indoor. SC (9. 6 LC). connectors. The FAT or ODF consist of two compartments with separate. FAT Fiber Jointing Cabinet, NCD 5. Medium- sized. cabinet designed for indoor fiber splicing and termination of up to 9. Two models of cabinet are available with. The. organizers typically handle up to 1. This allows for incremental installation and. The cabinet terminates up to 4. SC duplex slots for 4. This cabinet is typically used to connect the feeder. The supplied fiber organizers can typically. See also Fiber Jointing Cabinet NCD 5. FAT 2. 4, indoor, 1/NCD5. Fiber Access Terminal (FAT) for up to 2. The FAT serves as a P2. P access point between the. Fiber. Distribution Hub (FDH) splitter cabinet located in the feeder network. It can be used for all. FAT 2. 4, indoor/outdoor, 2/NCD5. Fiber Access Terminal (FAT) for up to 2. The FAT serves as a P2. P access point between the. Fiber. Distribution Hub (FDH) splitter cabinet located in the feeder network. It can be used for all. FAT Fiber Jointing Cabinet, NBD 1. Outdoor. street cabinets designed for blown fiber or cable splicing. The cabinet. is made of hot- galvanized steel as a basic protection against. The visible part of the outer. Fiber/Duct Joint Closure, NCD 5. Plastic. joint closure for outdoor, direct buried installations. It has a. capacity of up to 2. The fiber. organizers also cater for fused fiber splitters for PON network. Ribbonet Air Blown Fiber System. Ericsson Ribbonet. The. technology also enables future expansion of the network without costly. The FOA Reference For Fiber Optics. Optical Fiber Fiber Optics is the communications medium that works by sending optical signals down hair- thin strands of extremely pure glass or plastic fiber. The light is . The core is surrounded by a optical material called the . The buffer is what one strips off the fiber for termination or splicing. The core and cladding are usually made of ultra- pure glass, although some fibers are all plastic or a glass core and plastic cladding. The core is designed to have a higher index of refraction, an optical parameter that is a measure of the speed of light in the material, than the cladding, which causes . More technical details are below. Glass fiber is coated with a protective plastic covering called the . More protection is provided by the . Within these categories, fibers are identified by their core composition (MM step- index or graded- index) and core/cladding diameters expressed in microns (one millionth of a meter), e. Most glass fibers are 1. Multimode fiber has light traveling in the core in many rays, called modes. It has a larger core (almost always 5. The 1. 30. 0/1. 31. AT& T's long- wavelength lasers were statistically centered around 1. LEDs with a wider and more varied spectral output (~1. When NBS (now NIST) created a calibration standard for power meters, they used 8. Plastic Optical Fiber (POF) is large core ( about 1mm) fiber, usually step index, that is used for short, low speed networks. PCS/HCS (plastic or hard clad silica, plastic cladding on a glass core) has a smaller glass core (around 2. Fiber types. The left of the drawing shows the core/cladding diameters. The right part of the drawing shows the index profile of the fiber. The index profile shows the relative index of refraction of the material used in making the fiber. Total Internal Reflection. The index of refraction of glass or any optical material is a measure of the speed of light in the material and changes in index of refraction are what causes light to bend - as shown in this photo of a plastic rod in a pond: Beyond a certain angle, the refraction will cause light to be reflected from the surface. Optical fiber uses this reflection to . We call that . At higher angles a ray of light will be refracted but not enough so it is lost in the cladding of the fiber. Below that angle, it will be reflected back into the core of the fiber and transmitted to the end of the fiber. The angle of total internal reflection defines the . It has a core of one type of It has higher attenuation and is too slow for many uses, due to the dispersion caused by the different path lengths of the various modes travelling in the core. Step index fiber is not widely used - generally only POF and PCS/HCS (plastic or hard clad silica, plastic cladding on a glass core) use a step index design today. It offers hundreds of times more bandwidth than step index fiber - up to about 2 gigahertz. Two types are in use, 5. Graded index (GI) fiber has a range of materials in the core which are chosen to minimize modal dispersion caused by different path lengths of different modes being transmitted down the fiber. The core index profile is curved - a parabola to be exact - with lower index glass on the outside of the core. The lower index glass transmits the higher angle light rays (called high order modes) faster than the lower index glass near the center of the core. As a mode of light goes through each step, it is bent slightly until it is reflected back toward the core of the fiber. Index of refraction is related to the speed of light in the fiber; N=C/V, so a higher index of refraction indicates that light travels at a slower speed (V) relative to the speed of light in a vacuum (C.) Since the light is going into a lower index of refraction material in the outside of the core, it speeds up compared to the speed at the center of the core. By carefully designing and manufacturing the fiber, you can get the average speed of a higher- order mode approximately the same as the modes going straight down the fiber, reducing modal dispersion. While the majority of graded- index fiber is all glass, there are some GI POF fibers also. Singlemode Fiber. Singlemode fiber shrinks the core down so small that the light can only travel in one ray or mode, hence the name singlemode. Since there is only one mode, there is no problem with modal dispersion and the choice of core material can reduce chromatic dispersion (see below) which increases the bandwidth to almost infinity - but it's practically limited to about 1. Singlemode fiber has a core diameter of 8- 1. Erbium- doped singlemode fibers are used in fiber amplifiers, devices used in extremely long distance networks to regenerate signals. Fibers are optimized for bandwidth at wavelengths appropriate for DWDM systems or to reverse chromatic dispersion. This is an active area of fiber development. Manufacturing Optical Fiber. The manufacturing of optical fiber to sub- micron precision is an interesting process involving making ultra- pure glass and pulling it into strands the size of a human hair. The process begins with the manufacture of a perform, a large diameter glass rod which has the exact same optical cross section as a fiber but is hundreds of times larger. The end of the rod is heated and a thin strand of fiber is pulled from the perform and wound on large reels. After manufacture, the fiber is tested and then made into cable. Here is more information on fiber manufacturing. Fiber Sizes and Types. Fiber comes in two types, singlemode and multimode. Except for fibers used in specialty applications, singlemode fiber can be considered as one size and type. If you deal with long haul telecom or submarine cables, you may have to work with specialty singlemode fibers. Relative sizes of all fibers. Comparison of core/cladding sizes Here is another way to look at fiber - The Optical Fiber Family Tree. For information on what all the different designations mean, see the table below or go here. Multimode fibers originally came in several sizes, optimized for various networks and sources, but the data industry standardized on 6. It's now called OM1 standard fiber.) Recently, as gigabit and 1. OM2 standard) offers higher bandwidth with the laser sources used in the gigabit LANs and can allow gigabit links to go longer distances. Newer OM3 or laser- optimized 5. OM4 fiber is a higher bandwidth fiber for 1. G+ networks. OM5 is wideband multimode fiber optimized for wavelength division multiplexing with VCSELs in the 8. To identify the types of fiber in a cable, there are standardized color codes for the cable jacket covered under TIA- 5. Here is more information on color codes for cables and connectors. Fiber Types and Typical Specifications(OM/OS refers to TIA types, B refers to IEC types, G refers to ITU types) Core/Cladding Attenuation. Bandwidth Applications/Notes Multimode Graded- Index @8. OM2, G. 6. 51. 1) 3/1 d. B/km. 50. 0/5. 00 MHz- km Laser- rated for Gb. E LANs 5. 0/1. 25 microns (OM3, G. B/km. 15. 00/5. 00 MHz- km Optimized for 8. VCSELs 5. 0/1. 25 microns (OM4, G. B/km. 35. 00/5. 00 MHz- km Optimized for 8. VCSELs, higher speed 5. OM5) 2. 5/0. 8 d. B/km. 35. 00/5. 00 MHz- km Wideband MMF, optimized for WDM 8. VCSELs, higher speed 6. OM1) 3/1 d. B/km. MHz- km LAN fiber 1. B/km. 15. 0/3. 00 MHz- km Obsolete. Singlemode @1. 31. OS1 B1. 1 or G. 6. B/km HIGH!~1. 00 Terahertz Singlemode fiber, most common for Telco/CATV/high speed LANs. OS1 is a designation of TIA- 5. SM fiber cabled for premises use that has higher attenuation - 1d. B/km. All SM fiber appears to be low water peak fiber. OS2, B1. 2 or G. 6. B/km HIGH!~1. 00 Terahertz Low water peak fiber. OS2 is a designation of TIA- 5. SM fiber cabled for outdoor use. B2 or G. 6. 53) 0. B/km HIGH!~1. 00 Terahertz Dispersion shifted fiber 9/1. B1. 2 or G. 6. 54) 0. B/km HIGH!~1. 00 Terahertz Cutoff shifted fiber 9/1. B4 or G. 6. 54) 0. B/km HIGH!~1. 00 Terahertz Non- zero dispersion shifted fiber. Multimode Step- Index @8. B/km 5. 0 MHz- km Slow LANs & links. POF (plastic optical fiber) @ 6. B/m ~5 MHz- km Short Links & Cars*Some standards now include attenuation at 1. CAUTION: You cannot mix and match fibers! Trying to connect singlemode to multimode fiber can cause 2. B loss - that's 9. Even connections between 6. B or more - over half the power. More on mismatched fibers. Fiber Specifications The usual fiber specifications are size (core/cladding diameter in microns), attenuation coefficient (d. B/km at appropriate wavelengths) and bandwidth (MHz- km) for multimode fiber and chromatic and polarization- mode dispersion for singlemode fiber. While manufacturers have other specs for designing and manufacturing the fiber to industry standards, like numerical aperture (the acceptance angle of light into the fiber), ovality (how round the fiber is), concentricity of the core and cladding, etc., these specs do not generally affect users who specify fibers for purchase or installation. Here is more information on testing fiber specifications. Some fibers have been designed to be much less sensitive to bend- induced losses. Here is more information on bend- insensitive fibers. Attenuation means a loss of optical power. The attenuation of an optical fiber is expressed by the attenuation coefficient which is defined as the loss of the fiber per unit length, in d. B/km. The attenuation of the optical fiber is a result of two factors, absorption and scattering. The absorption is caused by the absorption of the light and conversion to heat by molecules in the glass. Primary absorbers are residual OH+ and dopants used to modify the refractive index of the glass. This absorption occurs at discrete wavelengths, determined by the elements absorbing the light. The OH+ absorption is predominant, and occurs most strongly around 1. The largest cause of attenuation is scattering. Scattering occurs when light collides with individual atoms in the glass and is anisotropic. How To Use Lipton Green Tea For Weight Loss? How To Use Lipton Green Tea For Weight Loss? Anamika MSeptember 4, 2. Green tea is a healthy drink which refreshes your body and mind. It has various benefits as this drink keeps your body fit and slim. It contains polyphenols that help in burning fat. It is also a powerhouse of antioxidants that blocks the conversion of ingested calories into fat. Green tea plays a key role in efficient metabolism. No doubt green tea is full of health benefits! It is a natural remedy for weight loss. There are several green tea brands available in the market. It is very important that you choose the right product. Lipton green tea is one such product that is relatively inexpensive and very effective. Lipton Green Tea for Weight Loss. Lipton green tea is simple, pure and delicious. It is made from the finest leaves in the world. There are many variants of Lipton green tea like 1. Though all of these variants are good and effective, I will discuss about the basic Lipton green tea in this article. This green tea provides flavonoids to our body which encourages weight loss. Lipton green tea provides 1. It has 0 g fat, 0 mg sodium and 0 g carbohydrates in it, though it can provide 3. Is Lipton Green Tea Good for Weight Loss? Let me now tell you about some of the benefits of Lipton green tea for weight loss: 1. What is the scientific basis for green tea weight loss? What are the misleading marketing claims to watch out for? Green tea is more than just a trendy way to lose weight—check out all the benefits of this tea! More from WH A Tea For Every Ailment: The Best Tea For You Health Benefits of Green Tea Green Tea and Blueberry Smoothie Discover how you can lose up to 5 lbs in just. Check out these 6 Best Green Tea Recipes for Weight Loss if you are planning to lose your body weight without dieting and workouts. Ever tried to add oolong tea to your diet? Wondering how can oolong tea benefits your health? Well, read top benefits of oolong tea for hair skin and health. Hardly a month goes by without some newly discovered green tea benefits appearing in the headlines. Green tea fights arthritis". Green tea plays a key role in efficient metabolism. No doubt green tea is full of health benefits! It is a natural remedy for weight loss. There are several green tea. It helps your body to burn more fat. The variant of green tea which contains honey and pomegranate is a better option for weight loss. But all the variants have almost the same impact on our body. It is made from 1. This means there are no chemically- treated elements present it in, thus making it safe to be included in your daily regime. Drinking 2 to 4 cups of Lipton green tea in a day is safe and helps you to lose weight at a faster pace. Weight Loss Tea. Lose Weight and Feel Great with Green Weight Loss Teas. Menu and widgets. As I have already mentioned, it is considered as an anti- oxidant powerhouse. So, it tends to block the conversion of energy or ingested calories into fat. This blocks the fat storage and its production in our body. This automatically hinders excessive weight gain. There are also some natural relaxants present in it that help you to relieve stress and improve your metabolism. Green Coffee Benefits in Hindi: Abhi tak hum ne weight loss karne ke diet plan, yoga aur exercise tips padhe hai aur ye bhi jana hai ki bina exercise kiye motapa. Share the post "Green Gram or Green Moong: A Superfood for Weight Loss and Much More" FacebookTwitterGoogle+PinterestLinkedInDiggStumbleUponE-mail Here is a super. This promotes weight loss and helps to maintain your fitness and health. Now let me tell you the method to prepare and drink Lipton green tea so that you can reap maximum benefits from it. Things You Will Need: 1. Lipton green tea (any variant)2. Hot water. Instructions: 1. Pour 6 to 8 oz of water in a tea pot and boil it. Take an individual cup and place 1 or 2 Lipton green tea bags in it. Pour the boiled water over it. Allow it to steep for at least 2 minutes. The longer you allow it to steep, the release of healthy compounds will be greater. Your Lipton green tea is ready. If you want, you may also add few drops of lemon or any natural low- calorie sweetener to it. Some Tips and Warnings Regarding Green Tea Lipton Weight Loss: 1. Aim to drink at least 2 – 4 cups of Lipton green tea everyday. If your daily regime includes a workout session or going to the gym, try to enjoy a cup of Lipton green tea 1 hour prior to your workout session. Mornings and evenings are the best times to drink this flavorful beverage. Try to carry a few Lipton green tea bags in a plastic bag with you. Most of the offices, clubs and other conventional centers have hot water dispensers or coffee makers which can be used by everyone. Try making green tea there. If you are regularly drinking green tea to lose weight, you should avoid eating overly processed, high- fat or high- sugar foods. These may negate the benefits. Hibiscus Tea 1. 01: Health Benefits, Side Effects and Recipes. Hibiscus tea has been gaining a lot of popularity over the past few years. Those looking to try more natural methods of healing certain diseases and illnesses have begun drinking this tea for is numerous health benefits. The plant grows in tropical areas and produces stunning red flowers. These flowers have been used for centuries for their medicinal purposes. Hibiscus tea can be enjoyed cold or hot and with many different ingredients for a unique taste. Before we look at different ways of preparing the tea however, you may be wondering just what health benefits the hibiscus plant offers. Take a look at the many. Hibiscus tea health benefits and conditions it treats naturally. High Cholesterol. Studies have shown that hibiscus tea is very effective in lowering LDL cholesterol levels. It contains bioflavonoids that help to prevent plaque from building up on the walls of your arteries which lowers your cholesterol and helps to prevent a number of other serious diseases. High Blood Pressure. Much research has been done on the effects of hibiscus tea in those with high blood pressure. Drinking just 8 ounces 3 times each day will seriously help you to keep your blood pressure under control. Some studies suggest that hibiscus tea works better than most high blood pressure medications and because it is natural, there are fewer noted side effects than prescription medication. You can effectively lower your blood pressure by at least 1. The Common Cold. This tea is literally swimming with lots of Vitamin C which will help you to prevent the common cold, flu and other infectious illnesses. If you drink it when you feel the symptoms of a cold coming on, it will help you to get over your cold much more quickly and it has been shown to be very effective in helping open wounds to heal up to twice as quickly. Aging. Imagine not having to spend a small fortune on anti- aging creams and potions. Hibiscus tea has been used for centuries in places like Egypt, China and others to prevent aging. It contains many antioxidants which eliminate the free radicals that are in your body. By eliminating these free radicals, it can effectively slow down the aging process and many studies show that it can actually prolong your life. Weight Loss. Hibiscus is a natural appetite suppressant. It can help you to lose weight without worrying about taking diet pills or having surgery to shrink your stomach. Just drinking a cup each day will help you to eat less and we all know that eating less is what causes weight loss. The tea also affects how your body will absorb and store carbohydrates and fat. It slows down fat absorption so you are burning more fat as opposed to storing it. It also provides a mild diuretic which helps to flush impurities from your system so you will not have water weight or bloating and it provides a mild laxative effect to keep your system clean. Digestive Problems. So, speaking of laxatives, if you regularly suffer from constipation, drinking hibiscus tea can help you to become more regular. It improves the overall function of the bowels as well as the bladder. It contains natural anti- spasmodic effects so you can use it to treat painful constipation as well as other digestive issues like irritable bowel syndrome. Depression. Those who suffer from mood swings and depression will find that drinking just one 8 ounce serving of hibiscus tea each day will significantly improve those moods. It provides a number of vitamins and minerals that offer a calming effect on the nervous system. It has been used for centuries to treat anxiety and other mental related symptoms. Cancer. Recent studies have shown that hibiscus tea can prevent pre- cancerous cells from growing. This means that it can effectively stop the growth of cells that will eventually cause cancer. Again, it is filled with antioxidants so it can prove very beneficial in helping you to prevent cancer because it kills free radicals in the body. Heart Disease. Studies done by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute showed that people who drink at least 1. Hibiscus tea is widely used to help lower the risk of heart attack and other heart diseases and can help to decrease symptoms. Diabetes and Liver Disease. Hibiscus tea is used in India to treat both types of diabetes and has shown amazing results. It is also used widely in Eastern medicine as a treatment for many types of liver disease. Because it keeps the body clean from free radicals and offers antioxidants and other vitamins and minerals, it can help to clean the liver. Studies done on mice showed that drinking the tea can prevent liver damage that could be incurred by taking too much acetaminophen or Tylenol as well as other pain killers that can cause liver damage. So, there you have a list of great benefits from drinking hibiscus tea. Of course, nothing is without its disadvantages and even though this is one of the healthiest teas in the World, it is not without its own side effects. Here are a few side effects that you should watch out for. It can lower levels of estrogen in the body and can prompt menstruation which could ultimately lead to a miscarriage. Those in their first trimester especially should avoid drinking this tea. Also, any woman undergoing any type of hormone replacement, and this includes taking birth control pills, should also avoid hibiscus tea. Studies have also shown that it can decrease male fertility in some instances. Those who already have low blood pressure certainly do not need to drink hibiscus tea because it can lower that pressure even more. Those with hypotension should avoid drinking it unless first checking with their doctor to ensure that their blood pressure is not dangerously low. Of course, it does help you to relax and fall asleep so this is not a major side effect. However, if you are planning to drive a car or operate heavy machinery, you should avoid drinking the tea until you are safely at home. Again, until you know how the tea affects you it is best that you do not operate a motor vehicle or any other machinery.*Please note that the side effects and health benefits listed are for red hibiscus. There are literally more than 2. Make sure that you are drinking tea made from red hibiscus. The properties linked to pain management or analgesics may increase the effect of other medicines for pain which could in turn heighten the side effects of those medicines. If you are taking pain medications, check with your doctor before adding hibiscus tea to your daily routine. Drugs taken for the central nervous system like anti- depressants, anticonvulsants and sedatives may also react when combined with hibiscus tea. Those who are taking cancer medication should avoid the tea as well because it could potentially reverse the effects of that medication. Hibiscus Tea Recipes. If you are ready to try hibiscus tea, you may wonder how to prepare it. We have compiled a few tasty recipes that will get you on your way. Regular Hibiscus Tea Recipe. Ingredients: dried hibiscus flowers – You need around 3 or 4 of these. Directions. Simply place the hibiscus blossoms in your tea cup and cover them with boiling water. Allow this to seep for about 5 minutes and add the desired amount of sugar. You can also add a mint sprig, lemon slice or anything else that you want and enjoy. Jamaican Hibiscus Tea Recipe. Ingredients: 1 cup dried hibiscus. You can change the amount of sugar if you want. Heat until the sugar dissolves and the mixture boils. Remove and stir in the dried flowers. Let it sit covered for about 2. Strain the tea into a pitcher and add the remaining water and chill. You can add lime juice, orange slices or virtually anything else you want for flavor. Serve over ice. Mint Hibiscus Iced Tea. Ingredients. 4 cups boiling water. Add the cold water and apple juice and refrigerate. There are 78 calories in 1 large Hard-Boiled Egg. Get full nutrition facts and other common serving sizes of Hard-Boiled Egg including 1 tbsp and 1 oz.Hard-boiled egg whites contain several minerals, just not in large amounts. You’ll get some of the bone-building minerals -- calcium. There are 74 calories in 1 large Egg. Get full nutrition facts and other common serving sizes of Egg including 1 oz and 1 small. How Many Calories Does My Egg Have? Written by Diet Bites. Sunny side up, hard-boiled, poached, scrambled - egg-zackly how many calories does my egg have? Egg Nutrition Facts, Calories, and Health Benefits. There are so many ways to prepare eggs that it's hard not to love them, and egg nutrition facts support including them in a healthy diet. The calories in eggs are low and they provide several health benefits. Egg Nutrition Facts. Egg Nutrition Facts. Serving Size 1 large (5. Per Serving% Daily Value*Calories 7. Calories from Fat 4. Total Fat 5g. 7%Saturated Fat 1. Nutrition facts and Information for Egg, whole, cooked, hard-boiled. This egg and avocado bowl combines hard boiled eggs with creamy avocado slices for a super healthy and quick meal that’s loaded with protein, healthy fat and fiber. Polyunsaturated Fat 0. Monounsaturated Fat 2g Cholesterol 1. Sodium 6. 3mg. 2%Potassium 6. Carbohydrates 0. 6g. Dietary Fiber 0g. Sugars 0. 6g Protein 6g Vitamin A 5% . The combination of fats and protein in eggs makes them both filling and satisfying—there are 5 grams of fat and 7. Eggs are a low- carb food, providing less than one gram of carbohydrate. And even though they're healthy, as with any food, you should be mindful of portion sizes. Calories in Egg White vs. Yolk. Most of the fat in a hard boiled egg is contained in the yolk. The yolk provides about 5. Egg whites, on the other hand, are packed with fat- free nutrition. You'll consume 4 to 5 grams of protein, just 1. Egg whites are also a good source of leucine, an amino acid that may help you lose weight. Most of the online nutritional info for hard- boiled eggs is provided for a single large egg. Keep in mind that you'll need to increase the numbers if you eat an extra large egg. Extra large eggs are easy to find in the grocery store and often a better deal for healthy eaters on a budget. Calories Depend on Preparation. So how does egg nutrition change when you prepare eggs at home? If you eat one egg fried in butter, you'll consume 9. If you eat one egg scrambled with butter you'll consume 1. If you eat one serving of Egg Beaters (Original) you'll consume 2. Health Benefits of Eggs. Eggs provide several health benefits. First, eggs are a good source of protein. Eating foods with protein can help you to build and maintain strong muscles and also helps you to feel full and satisfied at mealtime. Weight loss experts often recommend that dieters consume foods with protein to help maintain a healthy metabolism. Eggs also provide other important vitamins and minerals. They contain vitamin D (important for the absorption of calcium), phosphorus, vitamin A (for healthy vision, skin, and cell growth), and two B- complex vitamins that your body needs to convert food into energy. They are a very good source of riboflavin, selenium, and choline. Choline helps boost brain development in utero and may also protect us from age- related memory loss. Eggs are also high in carotenoids (lutein and zeaxanthin) that help protect our eyes from macular degeneration. What About the Fat and Cholesterol in Eggs? Some healthy eaters are concerned about the cholesterol in eggs, but dietary cholesterol and blood cholesterol (which is tested to determine your risk for heart disease) are two different things. Current medical evidence suggests that eating foods that are high in cholesterol will not significantly impact your risk for heart disease. Instead, experts recommend that you reduce your saturated and trans fat intake to keep blood cholesterol levels at a healthy level. While some of the fat in eggs is saturated fat, eggs also provide both a small amount of polyunsaturated fat and slightly more monounsaturated fat. These are considered . For this reason, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics recommends that you choose foods with both poly and monounsaturated fats instead of saturated fat. There is no difference in nutritional quality between brown and white eggs. There are, however, some eggs that may provide more nutritional value. For example, you'll see . These eggs come from hens that have been fed flax seeds to raise the level of omega- 3 fat. Also, hens that have been allowed to feed greens, grubs, and other natural foods produce eggs with more omega- 3 fat. These eggs may be labeled as . You can usually store eggs for about three weeks from the date of purchase according to the American Egg Board. Eggs can be frozen for up to one year if they are removed from the shell, beaten and sealed in air- tight containers. Healthy Ways to Prepare Eggs. To keep your egg dishes healthy, nutrition experts recommend that you avoid adding butter or high calorie, creamy sauces. A poached egg on whole wheat toast makes a delicious meal, or have a hard boiled egg served with a bowl of oatmeal. If you enjoy scrambled eggs, try adding spinach and just a tiny bit of cheese to make a delicious and filling breakfast. You can also decrease calories in hard boiled eggs. The easiest way is to remove the yolk because that's where most of the fat and calories are stored. If you don't like the taste of plain egg whites, replace the yolk with savory hummus. The flavor of the middle eastern spread pairs provides a similar flavor as the yolk with a little extra spice. Make your own hummus at home to control the ingredients and decrease the fat and calories even further. And since hummus is made with garbanzo beans, you'll boost your protein intake (although you can make it with other vegetables, like beets, too). Eggs should be cooked long enough to avoid food safety issues. After hard boiling, keep eggs in the refrigerator for up to one week. Casseroles and other dishes with eggs should be cooked to an internal temperature of 1. Fahrenheit. Egg Recipes and Tips. Ready to try some egg recipes? Try any of these dishes and use the tips to experiment with egg recipes of your own. Sources: Egg Nutrition Center. Egg Nutrition. Egg and Egg- Derived Foods: Effects on Human Health and Use as Functional Foods. National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference Release 2. Calories in Hard Boiled Egg - Calorie, Fat, Carb, Fiber, & Protein Info. Other User Submitted Calorie Info Matching: Hard Boiled Egg. Hard Boiled Egg (1 serving)Calories: 7. Fat: 5g, Carbs: 1g, Protein: 6g. Show full nutrition information. Nutrition Facts. Calories in Hard Boiled Egg. Serving Size: 1 serving. Amount Per Serving. Calories 7. 0. 0. Total Fat 4. 5 g. Saturated Fat 1. 5 g. Polyunsaturated Fat 0. Monounsaturated Fat 0. Cholesterol 2. 15. Sodium 6. 5. 0 mg. Potassium 0. 0 mg. Total Carbohydrate 1. Dietary Fiber 0. 0 g. Sugars 0. 0 g. Protein 6. Vitamin A 0. 0 %Vitamin B- 1. Vitamin B- 6 0. 0 %Vitamin C 0. Vitamin D 0. 0 %Vitamin E 0. Calcium 0. 0 %Copper 0. Folate 0. 0 %Iron 0. Magnesium 0. 0 %Manganese 0. Niacin 0. 0 %Pantothenic Acid 0. Phosphorus 0. 0 %Riboflavin 0. Selenium 0. 0 %Thiamin 0. Zinc 0. 0 %Hard Boiled Egg (1 serving)Calories: 7. Fat: 5g, Carbs: 1g, Protein: 6g. Show full nutrition information. Nutrition Facts. Calories in Hard Boiled Egg. Serving Size: 1 serving. Amount Per Serving. Calories 7. 0. 0. Total Fat 4. 5 g. Saturated Fat 1. 5 g. Polyunsaturated Fat 0. Monounsaturated Fat 0. Cholesterol 2. 15. Sodium 6. 5. 0 mg. Potassium 0. 0 mg. Total Carbohydrate 1. Dietary Fiber 0. 0 g. Sugars 0. 0 g. Protein 6. Vitamin A 6. 0 %Vitamin B- 1. Vitamin B- 6 0. 0 %Vitamin C 0. Vitamin D 0. 0 %Vitamin E 0. Calcium 2. 0 %Copper 0. Folate 0. 0 %Iron 4. Magnesium 0. 0 %Manganese 0. Niacin 0. 0 %Pantothenic Acid 0. Phosphorus 0. 0 %Riboflavin 0. Selenium 0. 0 %Thiamin 0. Zinc 0. 0 %Hard Boiled Egg White (1 serving)Calories: 1. Fat: 0g, Carbs: 0g, Protein: 0g. Show full nutrition information. Nutrition Facts. Calories in Hard Boiled Egg White. Serving Size: 1 serving. Amount Per Serving. Calories 1. 7. 0. Total Fat 0. 0 g. Saturated Fat 0. 0 g. Polyunsaturated Fat 0. Monounsaturated Fat 0. Cholesterol 0. 0 mg. Sodium 0. 0 mg. Potassium 0. Total Carbohydrate 0. Dietary Fiber 0. 0 g. Sugars 0. 0 g. Protein 0. Vitamin A 0. 0 %Vitamin B- 1. Vitamin B- 6 0. 0 %Vitamin C 0. Vitamin D 0. 0 %Vitamin E 0. Calcium 0. 0 %Copper 0. Folate 0. 0 %Iron 0. Magnesium 0. 0 %Manganese 0. Niacin 0. 0 %Pantothenic Acid 0. Phosphorus 0. 0 %Riboflavin 0. Selenium 0. 0 %Thiamin 0. Zinc 0. 0 %Hard Boiled Egg - White Only (1 serving)Calories: 1. Fat: 0g, Carbs: 1g, Protein: 3g. Show full nutrition information. Nutrition Facts. Calories in Hard Boiled Egg - White Only. Serving Size: 1 serving. Amount Per Serving. Calories 1. 7. 0. Total Fat 0. 0 g. Saturated Fat 0. 0 g. Polyunsaturated Fat 0. Monounsaturated Fat 0. Cholesterol 0. 0 mg. Sodium 0. 0 mg. Potassium 0. Total Carbohydrate 0. Dietary Fiber 0. 0 g. Sugars 0. 0 g. Protein 3. Vitamin A 0. 0 %Vitamin B- 1. Vitamin B- 6 0. 0 %Vitamin C 0. Vitamin D 0. 0 %Vitamin E 0. Calcium 0. 0 %Copper 0. Folate 0. 0 %Iron 0. Magnesium 0. 0 %Manganese 0. Niacin 0. 0 %Pantothenic Acid 0. Phosphorus 0. 0 %Riboflavin 0. Selenium 0. 0 %Thiamin 0. Zinc 0. 0 %Hard Boiled Egg (1 serving)Calories: 7. Fat: 7g, Carbs: 0g, Protein: 1. Show full nutrition information. Nutrition Facts. Calories in Hard Boiled Egg. Serving Size: 1 serving. Amount Per Serving. Calories 7. 5. 0. Total Fat 7. 0 g. Saturated Fat 0. 0 g. Polyunsaturated Fat 0. Monounsaturated Fat 0. Cholesterol 0. 0 mg. Sodium 0. 0 mg. Potassium 0. Total Carbohydrate 0. Dietary Fiber 0. 0 g. Sugars 0. 0 g. Protein 1. Vitamin A 0. 0 %Vitamin B- 1. Vitamin B- 6 0. 0 %Vitamin C 0. Vitamin D 0. 0 %Vitamin E 0. Calcium 0. 0 %Copper 0. Folate 0. 0 %Iron 0. Magnesium 0. 0 %Manganese 0. Niacin 0. 0 %Pantothenic Acid 0. Phosphorus 0. 0 %Riboflavin 0. Selenium 0. 0 %Thiamin 0. Zinc 0. 0 %Hard Boiled Egg White Only (1 serving)Calories: 1. Fat: 1g, Carbs: 0g, Protein: 4g. Show full nutrition information. Nutrition Facts. Calories in Hard Boiled Egg White Only. Serving Size: 1 serving. Amount Per Serving. Calories 1. 8. 5. Total Fat 1. 2 g. Saturated Fat 0. 0 g. Polyunsaturated Fat 0. Monounsaturated Fat 0. Cholesterol 0. 0 mg. Sodium 6. 2. 0 mg. Potassium 6. 3. 0 mg. Total Carbohydrate 0. Dietary Fiber 0. 0 g. Sugars 0. 0 g. Protein 3. Vitamin A 1. 3 %Vitamin B- 1. Vitamin B- 6 0. 0 %Vitamin C 0. Vitamin D 0. 0 %Vitamin E 0. Calcium 0. 0 %Copper 0. Phosphorus 0. 0 %Riboflavin 0. Selenium 0. 0 %Thiamin 0. Zinc 0. 0 %Hard Boiled Egg (1 serving)Calories: 7. Fat: 5g, Carbs: 0g, Protein: 0g. Show full nutrition information. Nutrition Facts. Calories in Hard Boiled Egg. Serving Size: 1 serving. Amount Per Serving. Calories 7. 0. 0. Total Fat 4. 5 g. Saturated Fat 0. 0 g. Polyunsaturated Fat 0. Monounsaturated Fat 0. Cholesterol 0. 0 mg. Sodium 0. 0 mg. Potassium 0. Total Carbohydrate 0. Dietary Fiber 0. 0 g. Sugars 0. 0 g. Protein 0. Vitamin A 0. 0 %Vitamin B- 1. Vitamin B- 6 0. 0 %Vitamin C 0. Vitamin D 0. 0 %Vitamin E 0. Calcium 0. 0 %Copper 0. Folate 0. 0 %Iron 0. Magnesium 0. 0 %Manganese 0. Niacin 0. 0 %Pantothenic Acid 0. Phosphorus 0. 0 %Riboflavin 0. Selenium 0. 0 %Thiamin 0. Zinc 0. 0 %Hard Boiled Egg White (1 serving)Calories: 1. Fat: 0g, Carbs: 0g, Protein: 3g. Show full nutrition information. Nutrition Facts. Calories in Hard Boiled Egg White. Serving Size: 1 serving. Amount Per Serving. Calories 1. 7. 0. Total Fat 0. 0 g. Saturated Fat 0. 0 g. Polyunsaturated Fat 0. Monounsaturated Fat 0. Cholesterol 0. 0 mg. Sodium 0. 0 mg. Potassium 0. Total Carbohydrate 0. Dietary Fiber 0. 0 g. Sugars 0. 0 g. Protein 3. Vitamin A 0. 0 %Vitamin B- 1. Vitamin B- 6 0. 0 %Vitamin C 0. Vitamin D 0. 0 %Vitamin E 0. Calcium 0. 0 %Copper 0. Folate 0. 0 %Iron 0. Magnesium 0. 0 %Manganese 0. Niacin 0. 0 %Pantothenic Acid 0. Phosphorus 0. 0 %Riboflavin 0. Selenium 0. 0 %Thiamin 0. Zinc 0. 0 %Hard Boiled Egg White (no Yolk) (1serv=1 Hard Boiled Egg) (1 serving)Calories: 1. Fat: 0g, Carbs: 0g, Protein: 4g. Show full nutrition information. Nutrition Facts. Calories in Hard Boiled Egg White (no Yolk) (1serv=1 Hard Boiled Egg)Serving Size: 1 serving. Amount Per Serving. Calories 1. 7. 0. Total Fat 0. 0 g. Saturated Fat 0. 0 g. Polyunsaturated Fat 0. Monounsaturated Fat 0. Cholesterol 1. 1. Sodium 5. 5. 0 mg. Potassium 5. 4. 0 mg. Total Carbohydrate 0. Dietary Fiber 0. 0 g. Sugars 0. 0 g. Protein 4. Vitamin A 1. 3 %Vitamin B- 1. Vitamin B- 6 0. 9 %Vitamin C 0. Vitamin D 0. 0 %Vitamin E 0. Calcium 2. 5 %Copper 0. Folate 0. 4 %Iron 0. Magnesium 1. 3 %Manganese 0. Niacin 0. 2 %Pantothenic Acid 7. Phosphorus 0. 0 %Riboflavin 8. Selenium 2. 2. 0 %Thiamin 2. Zinc 0. 7 %Related Searches: Calories, Fat, Protein, Fiber, & Carbs In One Hard Boiled Egg. Calories, Fat, Protein, Fiber, & Carbs In Hard Boiled Egg White. Calories, Fat, Protein, Fiber, & Carbs In Hard Boiled Eggs. Calories, Fat, Protein, Fiber, & Carbs In Trader Joes Hard Boiled Egg. Calories, Fat, Protein, Fiber, & Carbs In Hard Boiled Egg No Yolk. Ingredient Specific Calorie Information From Our Recipes: Calories In Hard- Boiled Egg Chicks. Calories: 9. 0, Fat: 6g, Carbs: 3g, Protein: 7g, Fiber: 1g. Calories In Easter hard boiled egg sandwich. Calories: 1. 56, Fat: 1. Carbs: 2g, Protein: 9g, Fiber: 0g. Calories In Split Pea Soup with Hard Boiled Egg. Calories: 1. 35, Fat: 4g, Carbs: 1. Protein: 8g, Fiber: 5g. Calories In Hard Boiled Egg. Calories: 7. 0, Fat: 5g, Carbs: 1g, Protein: 6g, Fiber: 0g. Calories In Potato Salad with mustard and hard boiled egg. Calories: 1. 44, Fat: 2g, Carbs: 2. Protein: 4g, Fiber: 4g. Popular Calories Burned Searches. How to Lose Weight Naturally. Naturally losing weight is a healthy and safe method of weight loss. It generally involves making small tweaks to your diet, exercise. Type Your Weight in the box below and then click on the Enter button to see me how much water you need to drink to get a flat stomach. On Becoming Superhuman: Fasting for Fast Weight Loss, Better Health, and Supreme Fitness. 3 months ago, I stumbled across a fascinating article on something crazy. Write down what you eat for one week and you will lose weight. Studies found that people who keep food diaries wind up eating about 15 percent less food than those. Greek Lamb with Tzatziki. This is a lamb dish full of flavour with garlic, herbs and sneaky vegetables included. Finished off with tzatziki and serve with a Greek. How to Lose Weight: 4. Fast, Easy Tips. 1. Write down what you eat for one week and you will lose weight. Studies found that people who keep food diaries wind up eating about 1. Watch out for weekends: A University of North Carolina study found people tend to consume an extra 1. Then cut out or down calories from spreads, dressings, sauces, condiments, drinks, and snacks; they could make the difference between weight gain and loss. Need major weight- loss motivation? Here’s the secret weight- loss advice used by the folks on The Biggest Loser and other reality shows. Add 1. 0 percent to the amount of daily calories you think you’re eating. If you think you’re consuming 1,7. Chances are, the new number is more accurate. Adjust your eating habits accordingly. Get an online weight loss buddy to lose more weight. A University of Vermont study found that online weight- loss buddies help you keep the weight off. The researchers followed volunteers for 1. Those assigned to an Internet- based weight maintenance program sustained their weight loss better than those who met face- to- face in a support group. Get a weight- loss mantra. You’ve heard of a self- fulfilling prophecy? If you keep focusing on things you can’t do, like resisting junk food or getting out the door for a daily walk, chances are you won’t do them. Instead (whether you believe it or not) repeat positive thoughts to yourself. After breakfast, stick to water. At breakfast, go ahead and drink orange juice. But throughout the rest of the day, focus on water instead of juice or soda. The average American consumes an extra 2. That’s nearly 9. 0,0. And research shows that despite the calories, sugary drinks don’t trigger a sense of fullness the way that food does. Eat three fewer bites of your meal. Doing any of these can save you about 1. Watch one less hour of TVA study of 7. Sacrifice one program (there’s probably one you don’t really want to watch anyway) and go for a walk instead. Wash something thoroughly once a week. Whether that’s a floor, a couple of windows, the shower stall, bathroom tile, or your car, a 1. Scrub for 3. 0 minutes and you could work off approximately 1. Content continues below ad. Wait until your stomach rumbles before you reach for food. It’s stunning how often we eat out of boredom, nervousness, habit, or frustration—so often, in fact, that many of us have actually forgotten what physical hunger feels like. If you’re hankering for a specific food, it’s probably a craving, not hunger. If you’d eat anything you could get your hands on, chances are you’re truly hungry. Find ways other than eating to express love, tame stress, and relieve boredom. Rhoberazzi/i. Stock. Sniff a banana, an apple, or a peppermint when you feel hungry. You might feel silly, but it works. When Alan R. Hirsch, M. D., neurological director of the Smell & Taste Treatment and Research Foundation in Chicago, tried this with 3,0. One theory is that sniffing the food tricks the brain into thinking you’re actually eating it. Stare at the color blue. There’s a good reason you won’t see many fast- food restaurants decorated in blue: it functions as an appetite suppressant. So serve up dinner on blue plates, dress in blue while you eat, and cover your table with a blue tablecloth. Conversely, avoid red, yellow, and orange in your dining areas. Studies find they encourage eating. Eat in front of mirrors and you’ll lose weight. One study found that eating in front of mirrors slashed the amount people ate by nearly one- third. Having to look yourself in the eye reflects back some of your own inner standards and goals, and reminds you of why you’re trying to lose weight in the first place. Spend 1. 0 minutes a day walking up and down stairs. The Centers for Disease Control says that’s all it takes to help you shed as much as 1. Walk five minutes for at least every two hours. Stuck at a desk all day? A brisk five- minute walk every two hours will parlay into an extra 2. And getting a break will make you less likely to reach for snacks out of antsiness. Francesco. Corticchia/i. Stock. 15. You’ll lose weight and fat if you walk 4. The reason we’re suggesting 4. Duke University study found that while 3. Burning an additional 3. Don’t buy any prepared foodthat lists sugar, fructose, or corn syrup among the first four ingredients on the label. You should be able to find a lower- sugar version of the same type of food. If you can’t, grab a piece of fruit instead! Look for sugar- free varieties of foods such as ketchup, mayonnaise, and salad dressing. Also, avoid partially hydrogenated foods, and look for more than two grams of fiber per 1. Finally, a short ingredient list means fewer flavor enhancers and empty calories. Content continues below ad. Put your fork or spoon down between every bite. At the table, sip water frequently. Intersperse your eating with stories for your dining partner of the amusing things that happened during your day. Your brain lags your stomach by about 2. If you eat slowly enough, your brain will catch up to tell you that you are no longer in need of food. Throw out your “fat” clothes for good. Once you’ve started losing weight, throw out or give away every piece of clothing that doesn’t fit. The idea of having to buy a whole new wardrobe if you gain the weight back will serve as a strong incentive to stay fit. Close the kitchen for 1. After dinner, wash all the dishes, wipe down the counters, turn out the light, and, if necessary, tape closed the cabinets and refrigerator. Late- evening eating significantly increases the overall number of calories you eat, a University of Texas study found. Stopping late- night snacking can save 3. Walk before dinner and you’ll cut calories AND your appetite. In a study of 1. 0 obese women conducted at the University of Glasgow in Scotland, 2. Stock. 21. Make one social outing this week an active one. Pass on the movies and screen the views of a local park instead. Not only will you sit less, but you’ll be saving calories because you won’t chow down on that bucket of popcorn. Other active ideas: a tennis match, a guided nature or city walk (check your local listings), a bike ride, or bowling. Hook on a step tracker, and aim for an extra 1,0. On average, sedentary people take only 2,0. Adding 2,0. 00 steps will help you maintain your current weight and stop gaining weight; adding more than that will help you lose weight. Put less food out and you’ll take less in. Conversely, the more food in front of you, the more you’ll eat—regardless of how hungry you are. So instead of using regular dinner plates that range these days from 1. Instead of 1. 6- ounce glasses and oversized coffee mugs, return to the old days of 8- ounce glasses and 6- ounce coffee cups. Eat 9. 0 percent of your meals at home. You’re more likely to eat more—and eat more high- fat, high- calorie foods—when you eat out than when you eat at home. Restaurants today serve such large portions that many have switched to larger plates and tables to accommodate them. Floortje/i. Stock. Serve food on your plate instead of on platters. If you eat your dinner restaurant style on your plate rather than family style, helping yourself from bowls and platters on the table, you’ll lose weight. Most of us tend to eat an average of 1. You’ll avoid that now because when your plate is empty, you’re finished; there’s no reaching for seconds. Content continues below ad. Don’t eat with a large group. A study published in the Journal of Physiological Behavior found that we tend to eat more when we eat with other people, most likely because we spend more time at the table. But eating with your significant other or your family, and using table time for talking in between chewing, can help cut down on calories. Order the smallest portion of everything. If you’re out and ordering a sub, get the 6- inch sandwich. Buy a small popcorn, a small salad, a small hamburger. Again, studies find we tend to eat what’s in front of us, even though we’d feel just as full on less. Eat water- rich foods and you’ll eat fewer calories overall. A body of research out of Pennsylvania State University finds that eating water- rich foods such as zucchini, tomatoes, and cucumbers during meals reduces your overall calorie consumption. Other water- rich foods include soups and salads. You won’t get the same benefits by just drinking your water, though. Because the body processes hunger and thirst through different mechanisms, it simply doesn’t register a sense of fullness with water (or soda, tea, coffee, or juice). Bulk up your meals with veggies. You can eat twice as much pasta salad loaded with veggies like broccoli, carrots, and tomatoes for the same calories as a pasta salad sporting just mayonnaise. Same goes for stir- fries, omelets, and other veggie- friendly dishes. If you eat a 1: 1 ratio of grains to veggies, the high- fiber veggies will help satisfy your hunger before you overeat the grains. Bonus: Fiber is highly beneficial for preventing constipation, which can make you look bloated. Avoid white foods. There is some scientific legitimacy to today’s lower- carb diets: Large amounts of simple carbohydrates from white flour and added sugar can wreak havoc on your blood sugar and lead to weight gain. While avoiding sugar, white rice, and white flour, however, you should eat plenty of whole- grain breads and brown rice. One Harvard study of 7. Switch to ordinary coffee. Fancy coffee drinks from trendy coffee joints often pack several hundred calories, thanks to whole milk, whipped cream, sugar, and sugary syrups. A cup of regular coffee with skim milk has just a small fraction of those calories. And when brewed with good beans, it tastes just as great. You can also try nonfat powdered milk in coffee. You’ll get the nutritional benefits of skim milk, which is high in calcium and low in calories. And, because the water has been removed, powdered milk doesn’t dilute the coffee the way skim milk does. If you’re going to indulge, choose fat- releasing foods. Fast Weight Loss Success Story. By Terri David. My Fast Weight Loss Success Story - - The Beginning: I was over fat and unhappy with. Here I am preaching health and wellness while I am overweight. It was Thanksgiving and I was going to see some of the family I really don’t see that often. I was embarrassed so I made sure I wore a jacket I could wear inside my cousin’s house so that I would not have to take it off and let my family see how fat I had gotten. Have you ever done that? Was I ever disappointed in myself. Then I get to Thanksgiving dinner and my sister- in- law had lost 3. I last saw her during the summer and my cousin had lost over 2. Talk about feeling even worse about myself.. So, of course, I asked my sister- in- law how she did it.. Jenny Craig.. Well, I realized that is a great program but not for me. How do I do that with children that I have to fix meals for anyway, plus the cost was more than I was willing to spend.. As I started talking with my cousin about her wonderful accomplishment, I discovered she was using a product called HCG while on a very low calorie diet. I had heard about HCG diet successes in April. My friend Terence had given me a complementary bottle to try and see how well it worked for me. Well, I never started using it for more than a day. I read that you actually lose about a pound of fat per day. I thought, no way, doesn't seem possible or healthy. My cousin told me her thyroid was off. My thinking was if her thyroid was off and she had this kind of result with the product.. She is also a nurse so knows the medical side of things. How well would I do with this with a normal thyroid... Now was the time to do this.. I know what was I thinking, certainly the homeopathic bottle of HCG I had would easily last me 2. As I starting reading more on the HCG Weight Loss Program, I discovered that if I took the injections this is the type of program you go on for 2. However, with the Homeopathic formula I was using, if I chose to, I could be on it indefinitely (or until my weight loss started to slow) and keep losing. Surely I could last 3 weeks. If I started right after Thanksgiving, I would be done by Christmas and it would not be so hard to follow when the kids were off school. Fast Weight Loss Success Story - -- Day One. Starting weight 1. I took my other vital statistics. I measured my waist. I hate to even put that in print). My blood. pressure, which had been going up and down was at 1. I knew. that meant it was time to make some major changes. My first day, I lost 4 pounds, but I just contributed that to water loss. The truth for me would be in the next couple of weeks. Everyday. I would carefully measure everything so I knew I was staying on the HCG. I would want to share it. I would think that on such a low calorie diet, I would. But the truth. was I still had good energy, why even on the first two days, I was doing. Christmas shopping so I was on my feet and on the go all. So far. so good. Let's see if I can break the 1. I was still not. convinced. I hadn't been able to get past the 1. Blood Pressure on the 5th day - 1. Although. you shouldn't be hungry on the HCG weight loss program, I have to admit. I was a bit hungry. That has actually. I eat healthy, I like to eat.. I didn’t. have any junk food, sugar or starch but did have extra calories when I. And the following night I ate. Again, not an. awful deviation but a deviation none the less. Fast Weight Loss Success Story - -- Day Nine. Ok I am a week and a half into the HCG diet plan and I had spilled some of my drops and now I was out. I would be getting some in the mail but know that I will miss my first two doses. I did get the HCG drops in the mail, but because I was out for part of the day, I did eat an extra meal.. I ate low glycemic, similar to what the protocol is for the maintenance phase. Yeah, they did get here when expected. But I think as far as the program, I am ok. Fast Weight Loss Success Story - -- Day Twelve. I never thought this would work. Seems like I like to cheat. My kids had some. I had the cheese off the top of one. It just looked. and smelled soooo good. Time to get back on the wagon. Fast Weight Loss Success Story - -- Day Fourteen. When I had started the HCG diet plan, I did not include the melba toast. I never knew. melba toast could taste soooo good. Fast Weight Loss Success Story - - Day Fifteen Seems my Saturday pizza splurge caught up with me or the melba toast. I jumped up a little in weight and am now working to get it back. Its strange, that even though I am getting rid of weight quite quickly, it still seems slow.. I ever be happy? Now. I stay on the HCG program for the 4. Christmas or should I stop at the 2. Christmas then start back up in January after a 3 week maintenance??? Decision.. For the plans we had over the holidays, this seemed best. However, even with the cheating, I lost a. AMAZING!!! In addition, I lost about 4 inches from my waist. I look in the mirror and I see a much thinner face too. I. truly had lost any hope of weight loss other than going to a fat. I have to thank Terence for. HCG drops with me and to my cousin for her endorsement of. HCG weight loss program. I wanted to make sure you had the information to make a informed decision. Is the HCG diet plan for you? I. have included information on my site that can provide you with what you. After reading through the information, if you still have. By the way, Terence was. HCG, so I also included a way to purchase the same HCG drops. I used. I am so happy!! All I can say. is if I can do this, I know you can do it. This is one of the best. I have done for myself. My cholesterol has gone from almost 3. Leave Fast Weight Loss Success Story & Go to HCGDiet. Safe and Effective Ways to Lose Weight Fast. The kid should eat plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. The kid should also exercise, ie: playing outdoor games, trying out yoga or Zumba, dance, or walking the dog. Lastly, the kid should drink lots of water. Most important of all, the kid should learn to accept him or herself, and understand that they are beautiful, no matter what. How To Lose Weight Fast and Safely - Web. MDWorking on weight loss? Then you probably want results - - fast. Let me save you some time: skip the fad diets. Their results don't last. And you have healthier options you can start on - - today! You can safely lose 3 or more pounds a week at home with a healthy diet and lots of exercise, says weight loss counselor Katherine Tallmadge, RD. How to Lose Weight Fast. If you burn 5. 00 more calories than you eat every day for a week, you should lose about 1- 2 pounds. If you want to lose weight faster, you'll need to eat less and exercise more. For instance, if you take in 1,0. It's very important not to cut calories any further - - that's dangerous. Limiting salt and starches may also mean losing more weight at first - - but that's mostly fluids, not fat. For rapid weight loss, he recommends focusing on fruits, veggies, egg whites, soy products, skinless poultry breasts, fish, shellfish, nonfat dairy foods, and 9. Here are more tips from Dawn Jackson Blatner, RD, author of The Flexitarian Diet: Eat vegetables to help you feel full. Drink plenty of water. Get tempting foods out of your home. Stay busy - - you don't want to eat just because you're bored. Eat only from a plate, while seated at a table. No grazing in front of the 'fridge. Don't skip meals. Recent studies show that a compound in garcinia cambogia (HCA) may help accelerate weight loss. Before you pop a supplement, here's what you need to know. Keeping a food journal - - writing down everything you eat - - can also help you stay on track. Were you angry, sad, or bored? We often focus so much on foods and calories, but our emotions are a huge part of our eating habits. If you see a persistent pattern in your emotional eating, please consider talking to a counselor about it. They can be a big help in finding other ways to handle your feelings. Exercising for Fast Weight Loss. It's time to move more! Losing weight requires close to an hour a day of moderate exercise, one study shows. Can a Food Diary Help You Lose Weight? Wondering how to keep a food journal? Here are 8 tips for making a food diary work for you. Plan to do cardio and strength training. To burn the most fat, try to break a sweat after your warm- up and keep sweating for the entire hour, Dansinger says. If you're not exercising now, and you have a chronic condition or a lot of weight to lose, it's wise to check in with your health care provider first. They'll be rooting for you! Lose Weight Fast: How to Do It Safely. Sick of crash diets and fad diets? Follow these healthy tips. No gimmicks, no lies. We found 14 ways to rev up your metabolism so you burn calories and lose weight more quickly. Diet is an integral part of your weight loss regime, and focusing on it is a given. Most people think they can eat what they want and exercise to burn off the extra. Stop avoiding things. You can lose weight You can keep it off. LighterLife can help you achieve. Did you know? That research shows that those who attend LighterLife. See 11 of the best weight loss foods you can eat to lose weight fast every day. Lose Weight By Juicing. Lose weight juicing? You most certainly can and will lose weight by juicing. The weight you lose will depend on how long you juice and. And they'll make sure that you're ready to work out. Pace yourself. Don't do too much, too soon - - work your way up to help prevent injury. One way to step up the intensity is to do interval training - - brief bursts of high- intensity, followed by a more mellow pace, and repeating that pattern throughout your workout. You hear about stars who did it and look incredible. But remember, if a diet plan sounds too good to be true, it probably is. Also, please skip any programs that promote detoxification pills, laxatives, fasting, or potions, and any that promise weight loss faster than 2- 3 pounds per week. Continued. The truth is that cutting calories below 1,0. You can't eat like that for long, and it's too likely that you'll rebel and end up back where you started. You deserve better than that! So by all means, attack your weight loss goal. Put it on the fast track. But please, do it right so you set yourself up for lasting success. Kathleen Zelman, MPH, RD, is Web. MD's director of nutrition. Her opinions and conclusions are her own. Web. MD Expert Column Sources. SOURCES: Michael Dansinger, MD, Tufts Medical Center diabetes reversal program; nutrition adviser, The Biggest Loser. Katherine Tallmadge, MA, RD, author, Diet Simple. Bonnie Taub Dix, MA, RD, director, BTD nutrition consultants; author, Read It Before You Eat It. Dawn Jackson Blatner, RD, author, The Flexitarian Diet. Tara Gidus, MS, RD, team dietitian, Orlando Magic. Arthur Agatston, MD, cardiologist; associate professor of medicine, University of Miami's Miller School of Medicine; author, South Beach Diet Supercharged. Archives of Internal Medicine, July 2. National Institute of Health: . All rights reserved.
Breastfeeding, Family Physicians Supporting (Position Paper) - - AAFP Policies. Introduction. The American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) has long supported breastfeeding. All family physicians, whether or not they provide maternity care, have a unique role in the promotion of breastfeeding. Get information on breastfeeding and formula feeding benefits and disadvantages. Read about common breastfeeding problems and pumping tips, and learn about how. They understand the advantages of family- centered care and are well positioned to provide breastfeeding support in that context. Because they provide comprehensive care to the whole family, family physicians have an opportunity to provide breastfeeding education and support throughout the course of life to all members of the family. History. Throughout most of history, breastfeeding was the norm, with only a small number of infants not breastfed for a variety of reasons. In the distant past, wealthy women had access to wet nurses, but, with the industrial revolution, this practice declined, as wet nurses found higher- paying jobs. By the late 1. 9th century, infant mortality from unsafe artificial feeding became an acknowledged public health problem. Public health nurses addressed this by promoting breastfeeding and home pasteurization of cows’ milk. In the early 2. 0th century, commercial formula companies found a market for artificial baby milks as safer alternatives to cows’ milk. During this same period, infant feeding recommendations became the purview of the newly organized medical profession. Partially because of physician support and a vision of “scientific” infant care, the widespread use of formula as a breast milk substitute for healthy mothers and babies emerged. Treatment For Yeast Overgrowth In Breastfeeding Mother And Baby: Mother: Nipple and/or Intraductal Yeast. Gentian Violet: See Dr. Jack Newman's Gentian violet.Throughout the mid- 2. An entire generation of women—and physicians—grew up not viewing breastfeeding as the normal way to feed babies. Despite the resurgence of breastfeeding in the late 2. United States, breastfeeding and formula feeding continued to be considered virtually equivalent, representing merely a lifestyle choice parents may make without significant health sequelae. Currently, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that a child breastfeed for at least two years. The American Academy of Pediatrics, like the AAFP, recommends that all babies, with rare exceptions, be exclusively breastfed for approximately six months and continue breastfeeding with appropriate complementary foods for at least one year. The U. S. Public Health Service’s “Healthy People 2. Targets for exclusive breastfeeding are 4. The United States has not yet met its breastfeeding goals. Data published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) show that, in 2. U. S. However, parents may feel less guilt if they have had an opportunity to learn all the pertinent information and can make a fully informed decision. Health Effects. Family physicians should be familiar with the health effects of breastfeeding on women and children. The evidence concerning health effects continues to expand in terms of depth of understanding and quality of research. It is beyond the scope of this paper to review all of the primary literature. Several systematic review articles that outline the evidence supporting the role of breastfeeding in optimal health outcomes for mothers and children have been published. Because breastfeeding is the physiologic norm, we will refer to the risks of not breastfeeding for infants, children, and mothers. A systematic review of the effects of breastfeeding on maternal and infant health found that for infants in developed countries, not breastfeeding is associated with increased risks of common conditions including acute otitis media; gastroenteritis; atopic dermatitis; and life- threatening conditions including severe lower respiratory infections, necrotizing enterocolitis, and sudden infant death syndrome. The beneficial health effects of breastfeeding persist beyond the period of breastfeeding. A WHO review showed that children who had not been breastfed had higher mean blood pressure, increased risk of type 2 diabetes, increased risk of obesity, and lower scores on intelligence tests. Children who are not breastfed are also at an increased risk of type 1 diabetes, asthma, and childhood leukemia. The evidence base also supports the importance of six months of exclusive breastfeeding (when compared with four months) as protection against gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract infections, including otitis media and pneumonia. Maternal health outcomes also are affected positively by breastfeeding. In the short term, the data on postpartum weight loss suggest that the role of breastfeeding is minor compared with diet and exercise. Another study suggested that longer duration of breastfeeding led to greater sustained weight loss. Not breastfeeding is associated with an increased risk of postpartum depression. In the longer term, for women in developed countries, not breastfeeding is associated with increased risks of type 2 diabetes. Breastfeeding also has broader economic and social benefits. Health care costs for both children and mothers are increased when breastfeeding duration is suboptimal. Breastfeeding may protect against child neglect and abuse. In addition, breastfeeding helps protect the environment because it involves no use of grazing land for cows, no product transportation or packaging, and no waste. Key Recommendations. Almost all babies should be breastfed or receive human milk exclusively for approximately six months. Breastfeeding with appropriate complementary foods, including iron- rich foods, should continue through at least the first year. Lifestyle and Diet Women with PCOS often have severe sugar cravings, and dealing with these cravings can be quite challenging. Certain supplements such as the. Health outcomes for mothers and babies are best when breastfeeding continues for at least two years. Breastfeeding should continue as long as mutually desired by mother and child. Medical contraindications to breastfeeding are rare. The CDC still discourages breastfeeding by HIV- positive women in the United States. HIV- positive women in areas with high rates of infant diarrhea and respiratory illness are encouraged to breastfeed exclusively for six months. When mothers and babies are treated adequately with antiviral medications, breastfeeding exclusively for six months, with continued breastfeeding for 1. Women who have HIV who do not have access to treatment are discouraged from breastfeeding if replacement feeding is acceptable, feasible, affordable, sustainable, and safe. Breastfeeding is contraindicated when the mother has human T- cell lymphotropic virus type I or type II. Infants who have type 1 galactosemia should not be breastfed; some other inborn errors of metabolism may require feeding modification. If there are active herpes simplex lesions on the breast, the infant should not feed from that side until the lesions heal. Mothers who have active untreated tuberculosis or active varicella in the newborn period should be separated from their babies, although the breast milk may be fed to the infant. Maternal use of drugs of abuse, antimetabolites, chemotherapeutic agents, or radioisotopes may contraindicate breastfeeding. Most maternal conditions can be treated with medications that are safe for breastfeeding. Birthing centers and hospitals need to incorporate baby- friendly principles. Babies should be kept skin- to- skin with the mother at least until the first successful breastfeed. Perinatal care practices should support breastfeeding, optimally following the “Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding”3. Appendix 6), and mothers and babies should receive care from health care professionals knowledgeable about breastfeeding. Formula supplementation of breastfed babies should occur only when medically indicated. Family physicians should not undermine breastfeeding by providing formula samples or coupons to breastfeeding mothers. Breastfeeding babies and mothers should be seen for follow- up within a few days after birth. Family physicians and all health care professionals who regularly care for mothers and babies should be able to assist with normal breastfeeding and common breastfeeding challenges. When challenges exceed the expertise of the family physician, patients should be referred to someone with a higher level of expertise, such as an International Board Certified Lactation Consultant. Family physicians should establish a breastfeeding- friendly office, even if they do not provide maternity care. Family physicians should advocate for breastfeeding and provide education about breastfeeding throughout the course of life and for the entire family. Family physicians may provide prenatal care and labor support, deliver the infant, help in the prompt initiation and continuation of breastfeeding, and continue caring for the baby and family. Breastfeeding education and support can be integrated into these visits. Family physicians have the unique opportunity to emphasize breastfeeding education beginning with preconception visits and continuing through prenatal care, delivery, and postpartum care, and during ongoing care of the family. Encouragement from a physician and other family members, especially the baby’s father and maternal grandmother, are important factors in the initiation of breastfeeding. While caring for a mother’s immediate and extended family, a family physician should remind her social support system to encourage breastfeeding. With all of the health advantages of breastfeeding for mothers and children, as well as its economic and ecological impacts, breastfeeding is a public health issue, not merely a lifestyle choice. Family physicians should work in their communities to advocate removal of barriers to breastfeeding. This could include overcoming cultural issues, encouraging breastfeeding- friendly workplaces, advocating for adequate paid maternity leave, and protecting the right to breastfeed in public. Medical schools and family medicine residencies should include appropriate curricula in lactation physiology and breastfeeding management so that family physicians are adequately trained to provide care to breastfeeding mothers and infants. Dieting - Wikipedia. Dieting is the practice of eating food in a regulated and supervised fashion to decrease, maintain, or increase body weight. In other words, it is conscious control or restriction of the diet. A restricted diet is often used by those who are overweight or obese, sometimes in combination with physical exercise, to reduce body weight. Some people follow a diet to gain weight (usually in the form of muscle). Diets can also be used to maintain a stable body weight and improve health. In particular, diets can be designed to prevent or treat diabetes. Diets to promote weight loss can be categorized as: low- fat, low- carbohydrate, low- calorie, very low calorie and more recently flexible dieting. In his 1. 86. 3 pamphlet, Letter on Corpulence, Addressed to the Public, he outlined the details of a particular low- carbohydrate, low- calorie diet that had led to his own dramatic weight loss. He himself was tremendously overweight and would constantly eat large quantities of rich food and drink. He began a meatless diet, taking only milk and vegetables, and soon regained his health. He began publicly recommending his diet for everyone suffering from obesity. In 1. 72. 4, he wrote An Essay of Health and Long Life, in which he advises exercise and fresh air and avoiding luxury foods. It described the benefits of a meat diet for those suffering from diabetes, basing this recommendation on Matthew Dobson's discovery of glycosuria in diabetes mellitus. In 1. 86. 3, he wrote a booklet called Letter on Corpulence, Addressed to the Public, which contained the particular plan for the diet he had successfully followed. His own diet was four meals per day, consisting of meat, greens, fruits, and dry wine. The emphasis was on avoiding sugar, sweet foods, starch, beer, milk and butter. Banting’s pamphlet was popular for years to come, and would be used as a model for modern diets. Atkins used the study to resolve his own overweight condition and went on to popularize the method in a series of books, starting with Dr. Atkins' Diet Revolution in 1. In his second book, Dr. Atkins' New Diet Revolution (1. Low- fat. Calorie consumption is reduced because less fat is consumed. Diets of this type include NCEP Step I and II. A meta- analysis of 1. Low- carbohydrate diets are sometimes ketogenic (i. Low- calorie. Some of the most commonly used low- calorie diets include DASH diet and Weight Watchers. The National Institutes of Health reviewed 3. They found that these diets lowered total body mass by 8% in the short term, over 3–1. Men should have at least 1,8. Very low- calorie. They subject the body to starvation and produce an average loss of 1. These diets are not recommended for general use as they are associated with adverse side effects such as loss of lean muscle mass, increased risks of gout, and electrolyte imbalances. People attempting these diets must be monitored closely by a physician to prevent complications. Many of these use herbs or celery and other juicy low- calorievegetables. Religious. The Daniel Fast resembles the vegan diet in that it excludes foods of animal origin. Examples include Lent in Christianity; Yom Kippur, Tisha B'av, Fast of Esther, Tzom Gedalia, the Seventeenth of Tamuz, and the Tenth of Tevet in Judaism. Eastern Orthodox Christians fast during specified fasting seasons of the year, which include not only the better- known Great Lent, but also fasts on every Wednesday and Friday (except on special holidays), together with extended fasting periods before Christmas (the Nativity Fast), after Easter (the Apostles Fast) and in early August (the Dormition Fast). Members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter- day Saints (Mormons) generally fast for 2. Sunday of each month. Like Muslims, they refrain from all drinking and eating unless they are children or are physically unable to fast. Fasting is also a feature of ascetic traditions in religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism. Mahayana traditions that follow the Brahma's Net Sutra may recommend that the laity fast . Members of the Baha'i Faith observe a Nineteen Day Fast from sunrise to sunset during March each year. Nutrition. They also agree on the importance of reducing salt intake because foods including snacks, biscuits, and bread already contain ocean- salt, contributing to an excess of salt daily intake. It offers a wide array of personalized options to help individuals make healthy food choices. It also provides advice on physical activity. It is important to know the amount of energy your body is using every day, so that your intake fits the needs of one's personal weight goal. Someone wanting to lose weight would want a smaller energy intake than what they put out. There is increasing research- based evidence that low- fat vegetarian diets consistently lead to healthy weight loss and management, a decrease in diabetic symptoms. The first source to which the body turns is glycogen (by glycogenolysis). Glycogen is a complex carbohydrate, 6. It is created from the excess of ingested macronutrients, mainly carbohydrates. When glycogen is nearly depleted, the body begins lipolysis, the mobilization and catabolism of fat stores for energy. In this process, fats, obtained from adipose tissue, or fat cells, are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids, which can be used to generate energy. The former include Weight Watchers and Peertrainer. The latter include Overeaters Anonymous and groups run by local organizations. These organizations' customs and practices differ widely. Some groups are modelled on twelve- step programs, while others are quite informal. Some groups advocate certain prepared foods or special menus, while others train dieters to make healthy choices from restaurant menus and while grocery- shopping and cooking. Food diary. A 2. 00. During prolonged fasting or very low calorie diets the reduction of blood glucose, the preferred energy source of the brain, causes the body to deplete its glycogen stores. Once glycogen is depleted the body begins to fuel the brain using ketones, while also metabolizing body protein (including but not limited to skeletal muscle) to be used to synthesize sugars for use as energy by the rest of the body. Most experts believe that a prolonged fast can lead to muscle wasting, although some dispute this. The use of short- term fasting, or various forms of intermittent fasting have been used as a form of dieting to circumvent this issue. While there are studies that show the health and medical benefits of weight loss, a study in 2. Finns over an 1. 8- year period showed that weight loss from dieting can result in increased mortality, while those who maintained their weight fared the best. The Nurses' Health Study, an observational cohort study, found that low carbohydrate diets based on vegetable sources of fat and protein are associated with less coronary heart disease. A long term study that monitored 4. Swedish women however suggests that a low carbohydrate- high protein diet, used on a regular basis and without consideration of the nature of carbohydrates or the source of proteins, is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. A more recent meta- analysis that included randomized controlled trials published after the Cochrane review. These results can be understood because weight loss is mainly governed by daily caloric deficit and not by the particular foods eaten. The diet based around this research is called the Low GI diet. Low glycemic index foods, such as lentils, provide a slower, more consistent source of glucose to the bloodstream, thereby stimulating less insulin release than high glycemic index foods, such as white bread. Thus the authors concluded that the high- carbohydrate, low- glycemic index diet was the most favorable. A meta- analysis by the Cochrane Collaboration concluded that low glycemic index or low glycemic load diets led to more weight loss and better lipid profiles. However, the Cochrane Collaboration grouped low glycemic index and low glycemic load diets together and did not try to separate the effects of the load versus the index. PMC 1. 31. 93. 49 . PMID 1. 63. 89. 24. PMC 2. 76. 33. 82 . PMID 1. 92. 46. 35. PMID 2. 51. 82. 11. Retrieved 2. 9 November 2. The American Psychologist. PMID 1. 74. 69. 90. In sum, there is little support for the notion that diets . The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. PMID 1. 16. 84. 52. Retrieved 2. 2 December 2. PMC 3. 04. 17. 37 . PMID 2. 12. 61. 93. Nutr Res Rev. 2. 2 (1): 9. PMID 1. 95. 55. 52. PMID 1. 75. 38. 59. Wolin (2. 00. 9). Obesity (Biographies of Disease). Westport, Conn: Greenwood. ISBN 0- 3. 13- 3. Retrieved 1. 7 December 2. Joslin's Diabetes Mellitus: Edited by C. Ronald Kahn .. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 7. Retrieved 2. 0 June 2. Chalem (5 September 2. Essential Diabetes Leadership. Laurence Chalem. ISBN 9. Retrieved 2. 0 June 2. Britannica (1. 1 ed.). Retrieved 2. 6 December 2. Second Opinions. Retrieved 2. December 2. 00. 7. Letter on Corpulence. USA: New York: Cosimo Classics. ISBN 9. 78- 1- 5. Retrieved 2. 8 December 2. Candy: A Century of Panic and Pleasure. New York: Faber & Faber, Incorporated. ISBN 9. 78. 08. 65. Counsels on Diet and Foods(PDF). Lipids in Health and Disease. PMC 2. 94. 17. 56 . PMID 2. 08. 15. 90. Retrieved 2. 6 July 2. Archived from the original on 2. May 2. 01. 0. Retrieved 2. July 2. 01. 0. Current Diabetes Reports. ISSN 1. 53. 9- 0. PMID 2. 04. 25. 57. E.; Scherwitz, L. W.; Billings, J. H.; Armstrong, W. T.; Ports, T. A.; Mc. Lanahan, S. M.; Kirkeeide, R. L.; Brand, R. The Lifestyle Heart Trial. ISSN 0. 14. 0- 6. PMID 1. 97. 34. 70. ISSN 1. 54. 8- 9. PMC 2. 73. 90. 45 . PMID 1. 61. 74. 87. Retrieved 1 May 2. PLo. S Medicine. 2 (6; e. PMC 1. 16. 05. 79 . PMID 1. 59. 71. 94. PMID 2. 02. 12. 49. PMID 1. 70. 93. 25. British Medical Journal. PMC 3. 38. 38. 63 . PMID 2. 27. 35. 10. Pirozzo, Sandi, ed. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online) (2): CD0. PMID 1. 20. 76. 49. PMID 1. 27. 61. 36. PMID 1. 27. 61. 36. PMID 1. 56. 32. 33. Retrieved 2. 1 September 2. PMID 1. 64. 76. 86. |
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